Publications & Research

Working papers, journal articles, and research reports advancing the science of profitable venture design.

Featured Research

Articles

Cover of Profitability as an Engineering Requirement: A New Imperative for University Innovation
May 2025
univeristy innovationtech transfermarket creation

Profitability as an Engineering Requirement: A New Imperative for University Innovation

Mark Yde
UIDP - University-Industry Demonstration Partnership

Discussing the systemic challenges faced by university incubation and entrepreneurship programs and introducing a more robust, profitability-centered approach.

Cover of From Home Runs to Base Hits: Rethinking Green Impact
January 2017
sustainabilitygreen innovationimpact investing

From Home Runs to Base Hits: Rethinking Green Impact

Erik Simanis, Duncan Duke
Innovations (MIT Press), Volume 11, Issues 3/4

Argues that green impact ventures should shift from swinging for transformative home runs to reliably generating incremental base hits — sustainable, profitable impact at scale.

Reports

April 2025
lean startupcorporate innovationventure strategy

Under what conditions does Lean Startup make financial sense as an innovation approach?

Erik Simanis, Mark Yde

Exploring the financial model behind lean startup using two lean mega-success stories, Amazon and Uber, by analyzing their actual business performance vs. what their valuations did for investors.

January 2024
lean startupcorporate innovationventure strategy

The Big Misconception: Why corporations and self-funded entrepreneurs shouldn't use Lean Startup

Erik Simanis, Erika Palmer

Solving first for product-market fit...is first-and-foremost an investment strategy. Examines why venture capital's investment strategy differs fundamentally from corporate and self-funded approaches.

Cover of Rethinking the Startup Paradigm
January 2023
startup paradigmventure designCornell

Rethinking the Startup Paradigm

Erik Simanis
Integrated Venture Engineering Program at Cornell

A report from the Integrated Venture Engineering Program at Cornell examining the foundational assumptions of the startup paradigm and proposing alternatives for ventures seeking profitability.

Working Papers

Cover of Engineering New Market Ventures for Profitability
January 2024
market creationprofitabilitysystems engineering

Engineering New Market Ventures for Profitability

Erik Simanis, Jeroen Bergman

Their high failure rates and high costs...result from the innovation methods used today to tackle it. Explores systems engineering applications to venture development for creating profitable, breakthrough business models.

Journal Papers

Cover of Profits at the Bottom of the Pyramid
October 2014
base of pyramidprofitabilityemerging marketsHarvard Business Review

Profits at the Bottom of the Pyramid

Erik Simanis, Duncan Duke
Harvard Business Review, October 2014

Examines why ventures targeting the bottom of the pyramid so rarely achieve profitability, and what it takes to build a genuinely sustainable business serving the world's poorest consumers.

Cover of Reality Check at the Bottom of the Pyramid
June 2012
base of pyramidmarket creationemerging marketsHarvard Business Review

Reality Check at the Bottom of the Pyramid

Erik Simanis
Harvard Business Review, June 2012

A frank assessment of why bottom-of-pyramid ventures consistently underperform financial expectations, and what the evidence reveals about the true barriers to profitable market creation in low-income contexts.

Cover of Innovation From the Inside Out
June 2009
base of pyramidco-creationmarket creationMIT Sloan

Innovation From the Inside Out

Erik Simanis, Stuart Hart
MIT Sloan Management Review, Summer 2009

Presents the BoP Protocol — a community-based co-creation approach to building new markets at the base of the pyramid by embedding business development within the social fabric of local communities.

Book Chapters

Cover of Needs Needs Everywhere
January 2011
base of pyramidmarket creationneeds assessment

Needs Needs Everywhere

Erik Simanis
Next Generation Business Strategies for the Base of the Pyramid, Chapter 4

Challenges the assumption that unmet needs automatically translate into viable market opportunities, exploring the gap between need identification and the conditions required for profitable venture creation.